Dairy Production and Management Coursera Quiz | Week (5 – 8)

On farms that use ovulation synchronization in the place of heat detection to breed cows, what term replaces heat detection rate in the pregnancy rate equation?

• Conception rate

   
• Ovulation rate

   

• Pregnancy rate

   

• Submission rate

   

Conception rate is calculated by dividing the number of cows pregnant by which other factor?

• number of cows inseminated

   

• number of cows in heat

   

• number of cows ovulating

   
• number of cows pregnant

   

Which of the following will reduce conception rates.

• Heat stress

   

• Diseases, including sub-clinical disease

   
• Cows losing weight

   

• All of the above

   

The majority of pregnancy loss occurs in the first ____ weeks of pregnancy.

• 1-2 weeks

   
• 8-10 weeks

   

• 4-6 weeks

   

• 12-15 weeks

   

Which of the following are important in determining the age at which a cow achieves puberty?

• Age

   

• Weight

   

• Breed

   
• All of the above

   

Holstein dairy cows should calve for the first time and enter the milking herd at what age?

• 18-20 months

   

• 20-22 months

   
• 22-24 months

   

• 24-48 months

   

Which of the following is the most accurate description of when a Holstein heifer is ready to be inseminated for the first time?

• As soon as the heifer exhibits a good standing estrus.

   
• When the heifer is two years of age.

   

• When the heifer is cycling and achieves 2/3 of her mature body weight and a withers height of 48-50 inches.

   

• As soon as she achieves 2/3 of her mature body weight regardless of her skeletal size.

   

What is the average time from the onset of estrus to ovulation?

• 6 hours

   

• 12 hours

   

• 18 hours

   
• 30 hours

   

What structure produces the steroid hormone progesterone?

• Uterus

   

• Follicle

   
• Corpus luteum

   

• Ovary

   

What is recommend times and intervals for heat detection

• Once per day for 20 minutes

   
• Twice a day for 30 minutes

   

• Three times per day for 30 minutes

   

• Four times per day for 10 minutes

   

Which is not a benefit of using artificial insemination?

• Reduce venereal (sexually transmitted) diseases

   

• Simple and can be done without training

   

• Reduced costs compared to bull breeding

   
• Reduced injuries to cows and personnel

   

What is the primary sex steroid produced by the testis that is essential for sperm production?

• Estrogen

   

• Prostaglandin F

   
• Progesterone

   

• Testosterone

   

Which of the following are secondary signs of estrus?

• Restlessness

   

• Chin Resting

   

• Mounting other cows

   

• All of the above

   

Which of the following is the definitive sign that a cow is in estrus?

• Restlessness

   

• Chin Resting

   

• Mounting other cows

   

• Standing to be mounted by other cows

   

What is the average length of estrus in mature cows?

• 1-2 hours

   

• 6-9 hours

   

• 12-24 hours

   

• >24 hours

   

Biosecurity practices involve management activities to prevent importation of disease to the farm. Which disease is amendable to prevention by some biosecurity practices?

• 
  
  Brucellosis

   

• 
  
  Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD)

   

• 
  
  Foot and Mouth Disease

   

• 
  
  Tuberculosis

   

• 
  
  All of the above

   

Which of the following activities would be considered important in a preventive medicine program for a dairy herd?

• 
  
  Calf and heifer management

   

• 
  
  Disease prevention program

   

• 
  
  Milking system management

   

• 
  
  Nutritional monitoring

   

• 
  
  All of the above

   

Expulsion (delivery) of the fetus occurs during which stage of calving?

• 
  
  Stage 1

   

• 
  
  Stage 2

   

• 
  
  Stage 3

   

• 
  
  Stage 4

   

• 
  
  During any of the stages

   

A common metabolic disease of older cows that is associated with many other diseases is:

• 
  
  Displaced abomasum

   

• 
  
  Hypocalcemia

   

• 
  
  Ketosis

   

• 
  
  Metritis

   

• 
  
  Retained fetal membranes

   

Which calf management practice should be completed first in a calf born alive?

• 
  
  Administer sufficient amount of colostrum

   

• 
  
  Clear air passages and stimulate breathing

   

• 
  
  Spray iodine on navel

   

• 
  
  Dry off and warm calf

   

• 
  
  All of the above

   

Which scoring parameter is not used in determining respiratory disease risk status?

• 
  
  Eyes or ears

   

• 
  
  Fecal score

   

• 
  
  Nasal discharge

   

• 
  
  Temperature

   

• 
  
  All of the above are used

   

What factor is considered an important contributor to postpartum disease conditions?

• 
  
  High blood ketone concentration

   

• 
  
  High postpartum feed intake

   

• 
  
  Low blood glucose concentration

   

• 
  
  Low body condition score

   

• 
  
  Reduced prepartum feed intake

   

Antibiotic residue is the same as antibiotic resistance in the animal.

• 
  
  False, they are not the same

   

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  It depends on the country’s regulations

   

What practices are responsible for drug residues in meat or milk?

• 
  
  Drugs given or fed by mistake

   

• 
  
  Exceeding the approved dosage

   

• 
  
  Treatment records not maintained

   

• 
  
  Withdrawl time is not followed

   

• 
  
  All of the above

   

Which of the following practices is an essential component for success of a disease management program for a dairy farm?

• 
  
  Use of Standard Operating Procedures

   

• 
  
  Ongoing monitoring and assessment

   

• 
  
  Vaccination program

   

• 
  
  Parasite control program

   

• 
  
  Reproductive management program

   

Mastitis is defined as inflammation of one or more quarters of an cow’s udder

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

On most occasions mastitis in dairy cattle is caused by bacteria

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Somatic cells are exclusively produced in the udder and do not come from blood

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Milk from cows with somatic cell count of Less than 200,000 cells/mL suggests that cow has a healthy udder.

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Effective teat dipping can reduce new udder infections by 50-90%

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Poor milk quality results in milk with decreased manufacturing properties and dairy products with reduced shelf-life

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Pasteurized milk ordinance describes the state and not federal specifications and standards for the production and handling of Grade “A” raw and pasteurized milk

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Milk in the bulk tank should be cooled to <40 F within 30 minutes and not warmed above 50 F when next milking’s milk is added to the tank

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

The regulatory standard for Standard Plate Count is < 250,000 cfu/ml

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Coliforms are a group of bacteria that are associated with fecal and environmental contamination

• 
  
  True

   

• 
  
  False

   

Week 8

The largest expense on a dairy farm in the United States is:

• Labor

   

• Feed

   

• Replacements

   

• Veterinary Care

   

The calculation of income over feed cost per cow is:

• The sum of all milk income the cow produce

   

• Milk income plus the cost of feed

   

• The difference between milk income and feed expense

   

• None of the above

   

Assuming that 1 kg of milk sold for $1.00 (USD), feeding 1 kg of feed to a lactating cow that costs $0.50 (USD) would be:

• A net gain of $0.50 to $1.50 (USD)

   

• A net loss of $0.50 to $1.50 (USD)

   

• A net loss of less than $0.50 (USD)

   

• A net gain of less than $0.50 (USD)

   

Key areas of dairy farm management that impact profitability are:

• Feeding and nutrition

   

• Herd dynamics

   

• Raising of replacements

   

• All of the above

   

In the United States, every $1 million in milk sales from a dairy farm generates:

• 10 new jobs and $1 million in economic impact

   

• 10 new jobs and $5 million in economic impact

   

• 17 new jobs and $3 million in economic impact

   

• None of the above

   

Why is it essential to process farm milk into storable products at some time in the year?

• Because cows are more productive in some seasons than others

   

• Because consumers consume different dairy products in some seasons than others

   

• Because you cannot store drinking milk very long after it is produced

   

• All of the above

   

Farmers often depend on cooperatives to find a processor for their milk because

• The supply and demand for milk changes frequently and the farmers often don’t have the contacts or the time to find different customers for their milk.

   

• Farmers usually can’t fill an entire milk truck so it is inefficient to have the truck collecting milk from farms to also make many stops at the processing plants

   

• Cooperatives sell enough milk to have someone whose entire job is to arrange customers for that days milk and arrange the transportation

   

• All of the above

   

Why do dairy pricing policies often have a different price for drinking milk than milk made into storable products? (Please select two!)

• To give the farmers more money by diverting milk from the markets where consumers are least price responsive to markets where lower prices will convince consumers to buy more

   

• To try to ensure that the country has a viable dairy industry

   

• Because consumers find drinking milk more valuable

   

• Because drinking milk has a shorter shelf life

   

Why does the number of dairy farmers decrease over time?

• Because technical progress allows the number of cows per farm to grow rapidly

   

• Because the milk production per cow is shrinking

   

• Because not many people want to become dairy farmers

   

• Because milk consumption is shrinking

   

Why don’t people drink more milk when it is on sale?

• Milk is so cheap that has few good substitutes

   

• Fluid milk is not particularly storable and can go bad if it is not consumed promptly

   

• Milk is so expensive that most people can barely afford it anyway

   

• Milk is a product where people are not especially sensitive to the price

   

The most volatile nitrogen in dairy manure comes from:

• Feces

   

• Urine

   

• Feed

   

• Microbes

   

In which situation it is likely that phosphorus in manure may increase?

• The diet contains large amounts of by-product feeds

   

• The diet contains large amounts of corn silage

   

• The cow is in early lactation

   

• The cow is in late lactation

   

The primary source of methane emissions on a dairy farm is:

• Solid manure

   

• Liquid manure

   

• The cow

   

• The feeding equipment

   

An efficient way of minimizing urinary nitrogen losses and ammonia emissions from manure and nitrous oxide emissions from manure-amended soil is:

• Milking the cow 3 times a day

   

• Grouping cows based on milk production

   

• Feeding dietary protein close to recommendations

   

• Not including urea in the diet

   

An effective way of decreasing enteric methane emission intensity on a dairy farm is by:

• Improving feed efficiency

   

• Improving forage quality

   

• Increasing milk production of the cows

   

• All of the above