Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

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Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

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Test 1

1.
Question 1
Petroleum was first used by humans a long time ago. When was it
approximately?

2 points

  • 4000 b.c.
  • about 10000 years ago
  • 12th–13th centuries

========================================================

2.
Question 2
What was first discovered oil used for?

2 points

  • construction works, at war, for heat and light, and for medical purposes
  • energy source for transportation
  • trading as a currency

========================================================

3.
Question 3
Who introduced conveyor belt assembly to automobile industry?

2 points

  • Rudolf Diesel
  • Gottlieb Daimler
  • Henry Ford

========================================================

4.
Question 4
Which of the following companies is NOT a member of IPC (International Petroleum Cartel)?

2 points

  • Texaco
  • ExxonMobil
  • Gazprom

========================================================

5.
Question 5
In terms of oil reserves, which country is not a member of Top-10 global list?

2 points

  • UAE
  • Brazil
  • Kuwait

========================================================

6.
Question 6
In the most common organizational model for petroleum field development, what role does belong to drilling companies?

2 points

  • contractor along with other service companies
  • might be both
  • operating company

========================================================

7.
Question 7
Why do people find career in oil and gas sphere attractive?

2 points

  • flexible time schedule
  • low entry level of knowledge and experience
  • high salary, share of profits, substantial fringe benefits

========================================================

8.
Question 8
What damage does one litre of oil do when being dumped into water?

2 points

  • removes oxygen from 40 thousand litres of water and pollutes about 12 square kilometers of ocean surface
  • removes oxygen from 140 thousand litres of water and pollutes about 25 square kilometers of ocean surface
  • does affect oxygen concentration in water, but pollutes about 25 square kilometers

========================================================

9.
Question 9
According to this course, when did oil hit the maximum price and how
much was it back then?

2 points

  • 125 USD per barrel in 2006
  • 150 USD per barrel in 2008
  • 190 USD per barrel in 2011

========================================================

10.
Question 10
What does OPEC stand for?

2 points

  • Oil Production Exxon Company
  • Oil Producers Exclusive Corporation
  • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

========================================================

11.
Question 11
What kind of products are made from petroleum?

2 points

  • solid fuel, lubricants and mineral wax
  • some specific alloys for space industry
  • natural cloth

========================================================

12.
Question 12
Which of the companies listed below are known as the world’s first vertically integrated company?

2 points

  • ExxonMobil
  • StatOil
  • Standard Oil

========================================================

13.
Question 13
There are many issues related to oil production that damage our planet. One of them is air pollution and changing of its composition. To cross the ocean, for
instance the Atlantic, how much does a modern airplane consume oxygen?

2 points

  • 500 tons
  • 750 tons
  • more than 1000 tons

 

 

Test 2

1.
Question 1
What of the following do geologists use and do in their professional sphere?

2 points

migration data, human influence on tectonic movement

indirect exploration methods, core analysis, software products

weather broadcasts, climate change parameters

========================================================

 

2.
Question 2
What type of rocks is more attractive in terms of oil potential for petroleum
engineers?

2 points

metamorphic rocks

sedimentary rocks

igneous rocks

========================================================

 

3.
Question 3
There are three groups of sedimentary rocks depending on formation conditions: clastic or terrigenous, chemogenic and …

2 points

magic

magmatic

organogenic

========================================================

 

4.
Question 4
In order to a petroleum oilfield to be created there are some elements to be presented. Which of the following is NOT necessary for this process?

2 points

reservoir rock

seal or cap rock

gas cap

========================================================

 

5.
Question 5
What do geologists call a «core»?

2 points

a cylindrical rock sample recovered from the well while it was being drilled

a term for a secret group of key scientists

a type of a modern processor used for geological modelling software

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6.
Question 6
Porosity depends on …

2 points

methods that was used to extract the core sample

grain colour

roundness, sorting and packing

========================================================

 

7.
Question 7
Fill the gap so the sentence makes sense: «The smaller the pores and lower the permeability, the (…) residual water remained in place».

2 points

more

less

========================================================

 

8.
Question 8
Which of the following properties are NOT related to oil properties?

2 points

velocity

density

viscosity

========================================================

 

9.
Question 9
Name two the most important reservoir parameters for petroleum engineers.

2 points

colour and shape of grains

transparency and clearness

porosity and permeability

========================================================

 

10.
Question 10
Choose the type of rock that suits the following definition the most: «A rock that contains pores, caverns or fractures – that is, void space between the rock grains where oil, water and gas can be contained».

2 points

reservoir rock

seal or cap rock

source rock

========================================================

 

11.
Question 11
Choose the type of rock that suits the following definition the most: «The rock where generation of hydrocarbons took place».

2 points

source rock

seal or cap rock

reservoir rock

========================================================

 

12.
Question 12
How does the grain shape affect the porosity?

2 points

the more spherical, the higher the porosity

the less spherical, the higher the porosity

does not affect the porosity

========================================================

 

13.
Question 13
What is the range for packing that covers rocks with cubic packing and densest hexagonal packing?

2 points

can vary from 5% to 95%

can vary from 15% to 65%

can vary from 27% to 48%

========================================================

 

14.
Question 14
Which of the following is NOT included into the Darcy’s equation?

2 points

permeability

flow rate

porosity

========================================================

 

15.
Question 15
What are the units for American Petroleum Institute gravity?

2 points

API degrees

pounds per cubic inch

API pounds

========================================================

16.
Question 16
Fill the gap so the sentence is logically correct: «Oil volume at standard conditions is always … as/than at reservoir conditions».

2 points

more or less the same

lower

higher

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17.
Question 17
Typically, when it’s needed to find and extract oil, what type of rock do engineers drill into?

2 points

sedimentary rocks

magnetic rocks

igneous rocks

========================================================

 

18.
Question 18
Find the most suitable term for the following definition: «A pressure difference on the boundary between two immiscible fluids».

2 points

capillary pressure

pressure gradient

depression

 

 

Test 3

 

1.
Question 1
Please pay attention to Figure A and interpret seismic sections. Then choose which structural elements are marked 1 to 4?

2 points

1. anticline 2. syncline 3. monocline 4. fault

1. fault 2. monocline 3. syncline 4. anticline

1. anticline 2. fault 3. monocline 4. syncline

1. monocline 2. syncline 3. fault 4. anticline

========================================================

 

2.
Question 2
Please pay attention to Figure B and interpret seismic sections. Then choose which structural elements are marked 1 to 4?

2 points

1. anticline 2. syncline 3. monocline 4. fault

1. monocline 2. syncline 3. fault 4. anticline

1. fault 2. monocline 3. syncline 4. anticline

1. anticline 2. fault 3. monocline 4. syncline

========================================================

 

3.
Question 3
Please pay attention to Figure C and interpret seismic sections. Then choose which structural elements are marked 1 to 4?

2 points

1. monocline 2. syncline 3. fault 4. anticline

1. anticline 2. fault 3. monocline 4. syncline

1. fault 2. monocline 3. syncline 4. anticline

1. anticline 2. syncline 3. monocline 4. fault

========================================================

 

4.
Question 4
Which structural element helps to form a petroleum trap?

2 points
Enter answer here

Good

========================================================

5.
Question 5
How many productive intervals can be seen on the SP curve?

2 points
Enter answer here

Better Performance

========================================================

6.
Question 6
Please pay attention to Figure D and interpret seismic sections. Then choose which structural elements are marked 1 to 4?

2 points

1. anticline 2. syncline 3. monocline 4. fault

1. monocline 2. syncline 3. fault 4. anticline

1. anticline 2. fault 3. monocline 4. syncline

1. fault 2. monocline 3. syncline 4. anticline

========================================================

 

7.
Question 7
Based on your analysis of seismic sections A to D, which is the depth interval of a probable petroleum play?

2 points

2060-2120

2120-2180

2180-2240

2240-2300

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8.
Question 8
Pay attention to these log curves. Analyze the SP curve and determine the sandstone intervals.

2 points

1. 7830-7845 2. 7869-7870 3. 7883-7894 4. 7905-7965

1. 7845-7852 2. 7869-7877 3. 7883-7894 4. 7902-7930

1. 7845-7860 2. 7869-7935 3. 7883-7894 4. 7910-7965

1. 7855-7865 2. 7935-7950 3. 7883-7894 4. 7902-7935

========================================================

 

9.
Question 9
What does exploration geophysics study and deal with?

2 points

it studies the Earth’s surface and deals with the sedimentary basins

it studies deep structures in the Earth’s crust and deals with exploration of mineral resources using gravimetric, magnetic, electric, seismic and nuclear methods

it studies the Earth’s history and deals with future broadcast of its behavior

========================================================

 

10.
Question 10
What are the purposes of well logs in terms of well condition?

2 points

it measures flowrate and further analysis based on this data

well logs are not applicable to study technical well condition and are used to study rocks only

it helps to obtain data about well trajectory, well diameter, cement bond control and casing integrity

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11.
Question 11
What do the electric methods of well-logging measure?

2 points

flowing rate

formation resistance

magnetic response

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12.
Question 12
Which of the following well-tests does not exist?

2 points

fall-off test

build-up test

fallout test

 

 

Test 4

 

1.
Question 1
You can see three reservoirs, varying in thickness, hydrocarbon location and physical properties (see the table). The distance between the bottom of reservoir 1 and the top of reservoir 2 is 15 meters, and the vertical distance between the bottom of reservoir 2 and top of reservoir 3 is 1000 meters.

Answer the questions below.

What are field properties which will influence to development scenario?

2 points

wells drilled to reservoir 3, will be very efficient

reservoirs 1 and 2 are close to each other and have similar permeability and different oil properties

reservoir 1 contains much recoverable reserves

========================================================

 

2.
Question 2
How many development targets you suggest to use?

2 points
Enter answer here

Good

========================================================

3.
Question 3
What well pattern is optimum to use, you suppose?

2 points

line-pattern

5-spot pattern

7-spot pattern

9-pattern

========================================================

 

4.
Question 4
Which production technology can be used, you
suppose?

2 points

microbiological methods for all reservoirs

hot water injection for reservoirs 1 and 2

surfactant injection for reservoirs 1 and 2

conventional waterflooding for reservoir 3

acidizing for reservoir 3

========================================================

 

5.
Question 5
If we summarize development and production options for this field. What should be done? Choose correct suggestion

2 points

all the reservoirs should be developed simultaneously due to reservoir properties and more economic benefits

for this field fracturing and acidizing is required

for correct decision making, required to build a reservoir model, calculate and analyze various development scenarios

========================================================

 

6.
Question 6
How many stages are typically there in field development process?

2 points

2

4

5

========================================================

 

7.
Question 7
Newly developed fields that are still in exploration phase are typically called …

2 points

blue field

brown field

green field

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8.
Question 8
Which of the oil recovery methods does not exist?

2 points

tertiary recovery

premium recovery

primary recovery

========================================================

 

9.
Question 9
What is waterflooding process in oil and gas production?

2 points

a technology of pumping water down to the reservoir to maintain reservoir pressure

a term that describes a seasonal emergency situation, when oil production stops due to natural disaster

a situation when water content in production fluid is increasing

 

 

Test 5

 

1.
Question 1
What do we call mechanical drilling?

2 points

a package of works required to construct, assemble and, if required, repair the drilling rig and satellite structures

a package of works required to develop and implement optimum rock cutting techniques accounting for lessons learned from working in similar geological conditions

a rock cutting process that uses a rock cutting tool in order to install the conductor

a rock cutting process that uses a drill bit rotating at a certain speed under a certain load, accompanied by continuous removal of rock cuttings from the bottomhole with the help of drilling fluid

========================================================

 

2.
Question 2
What is drilling fluid?

2 points

special liquid circulating in the annular space of the well

special liquid that is used to force the cement slurry from the wellbore to the annular space

special liquid that circulates in the wellbore at a certain speed, removing rock cuttings from the bottomhole and lifting them up to the surface

special liquid that circulates through the pipes on the surface, cooling down the drilling equipment

========================================================

 

3.
Question 3
What is the purpose of intermediate casing?

2 points

to isolate coal beds and install downhole pumps

to isolate relatively deep unstable rocks, or to isolate pay zones located above well target depth

to help replace drilling fluid with cement slurry when cementing another casing section

none of the answers are correct

========================================================

 

4.
Question 4
What are the functions of well casing?

2 points

to strengthen unstable borehole walls that might collapse otherwise

to cool down the produced fluid as it goes closer to the surface

to accumulate paraffins and hydrates on its wall to keep the production tubing clean

to create a durable leak-proof channel that would transport the fluid from the reservoir to the wellhead

to isolate oil-bearing, gas-bearing and water-bearing formations from each other

========================================================

 

5.
Question 5
What is meant by well cementing?

2 points

filling the internal space of a casing string with a cement slurry

a set of procedures run on a well in case of an emergency

filling a certain interval with a cement slurry that, when at rest, will turn into solid impermeable rock

a set of operations run on a well immediately before the drilling itself and during the drilling of productive layers

========================================================

 

6.
Question 6
What is well completion?

2 points

a set of operations aimed at initiating well inflow and ensuring well performance adequate lo productive formation capacity

a set of operations related to hydraulic fracturing

a set of perforating jobs aimed at connecting reservoir to the well bottomhole

a set of operations aimed at preparing the well for downhole pump installation according to the operating guidelines

========================================================

 

7.
Question 7
How is well inflow initiated?

2 points

first, hydraulic fracturing is conducted in the well in order to create channel with high permeability, so oil can start flowing through it to the well

acid treatment operations are run in the well in order to create high permeable channels and fluid can pass through

pressure drawdown is created. That is the situation when the bottomhole pressure is lower than the reservoir pressure, which causes the reservoir fluid to flow into the well

well inflow is initiated by optimizing downhole pump operation characteristics

========================================================

 

8.
Question 8
What is a blowout?

2 points

controlled explosion in the bottomhole to enhance production

reservoir fluid inflow into the wellbore caused by errors in reservoir pressure prediction

uncontrollable expulsion of drilling fluid out of the wellbore caused by hydrostatic pressure being much higher that reservoir pressure

uncontrollable flow of reservoir fluid through the wellhead and to the surface, caused by absence, fault, leakage or destruction of the blowout preventer

========================================================

 

9.
Question 9
What is a kick?

2 points

uncontrollable flow of reservoir fluid through the wellhead and to the surface, caused by absence, leakage or destruction of the blowout preventer

reservoir fluid inflow into the wellbore that, if uncontrolled, may increase in severity and result in a blowout

uncontrollable flow of reservoir fluid through the wellhead and to the surface, caused by malfunction of the blowout preventer

uncontrollable flow of drilling fluid or expanding gas through the wellhead and to the surface

========================================================

 

 

10.
Question 10
What is the function of the drilling rig rotor?

2 points

it transmits rotational force from the rotary motor to the drill string, which is incrementally moved by the kelly and the swivel along the horizontal axis

it transmits rotational force from the rotary motor to the drilling truck, so it can move and generate power for its operational needs

it transmits rotational force from the rotary motor to the drill string, and holds aweigh casing pipes and drill pipes as they are connected and disconnected when running tools in and out of the wellbore

it transmits rotational force from the rotary motor to the drill string

it transmits rotational force from the rotary motor to the travelling block, so it can move up and down

========================================================

 

11.
Question 11
What is the source of energy for downhole motors?

2 points

electric cable

fuel

gas

drilling mud

========================================================

 

12.
Question 12
What is the function of the blowout preventer?

2 points

to seal the wellhead in case of a kick, thus ensuring safety of the well works

to seal the mud mixing unit in case of a kick, thus ensuring safety of the well works

to seal the tank module in case of a kick, thus ensuring safety of the well works

to seal the derrick headboard in case of a kick, thus ensuring safety of the well works

 

 

Test 6

1.
Question 1
Pay attention to the map of Field X and the table listing its major properties.

Field X

Field X Properties

Property Value range
Depth, meters 750
Net pay thickness, meters 13-30
Density, API degrees 25
Viscosity, centipoise 200–220 (at 38°C)
Porosity, % 30-33
Air permeability, mD 300-1500
You are to suggest the optimum oil production technology for Field X by answering questions below on Field X properties and production technology options.

Supplementary Reading (Pump types descriptions, Sucker rod pump operation, Cavity pump operation).

What is peculiar about Field X? Field X is characterized by the presence of …

2 points

high viscosity oil

high net pay thickness

low quality of reservoir

========================================================

 

2.
Question 2
Which pump is the most sensible solution for operating such a field?

2 points

cavity pump

pump is not required

rod pump

ESP

========================================================

 

3.
Question 3
Which stimulation technique would you suggest for this field?

2 points

acoustic

hydraulic fracturing

acid treatment

thermal methods

========================================================

 

4.
Question 4
Which technology is optimum for this field?

2 points

ESPs after a thermal treatment

more powerful cavity pumps

gas lift system

jet pumps after a chemical treatment

 

 

 

Test 7

 

1.
Question 1
Analyze Field X: study the wells that can be candidates for stimulation treatment. See the table for well data and map.

Field X

Answer the questions below.

Which well is the best candidate for stimulation treatment?

2 points

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

========================================================

 

2.
Question 2
Select the arguments which prove your point of view

2 points

high cumulative production

located near OWC

located in the central part of the field

low water cut

long production history

short production history

there are technical constraints (casing string leakage)

high water cut

low oil rate

low cumulative production

high oil rate

========================================================

 

 

 

Final Test

 

1.
Question 1
What is oil?

2 points

putrilage of animals, with a distinctive smell, a mixture of various natural hydrocarbons

combustible greasy liquid with a distinctive smell, a mixture of various natural hydrocarbons. It occurs in the sedimentary cover of the Earth and is a major natural resource

sedimentary rock formed in various facial conditions

putrilage of seed plants, with a distinctive smell, a mixture of various natural hydrocarbons

========================================================

 

2.
Question 2
What is permeability?

2 points

rock property determining its ability to accumulate liquid or gas

rock property determining its ability to transmit liquid or gas

rock property determining its ability to transmit liquid or gas in the absence of open and effective porosity

rock property determining its ability to transmit liquid or gas in the absence of open porosity

========================================================

 

3.
Question 3
What is meant by well data correlation?

2 points

comparison of well sections against seismic data

comparison of well sections, identification of marking horizons and tracking these horizons from well to well

tracking lithological homogeneities in various stratigraphic horizons

tracking lithological varieties identified in wells at same absolute depths

========================================================

 

4.
Question 4
What is the purpose of well testing?

2 points

to determine equipment state

to determine reservoir pressure

to determine the condition of the near-wellbore area

to determine reservoir properties of area affected by testing

to determine reservoir temperature

========================================================

 

5.
Question 5
A well is free flowing when …

2 points

hydrostatic pressure exceeds reservoir pressure

reservoir pressure is equal to hydrostatic pressure

reservoir pressure exceeds hydrostatic pressure

hydrostatic pressure exceeds or is equal to reservoir pressure

========================================================

 

6.
Question 6
What is the purpose of waterflooding?

2 points

to maintain reservoir pressure

to improve oil recovery

to maintain oil and liquid production

to store water underground in the areas of its excessive amounts (swamps, lakes, rivers)

to cool down the reservoir and thus the equipment

========================================================

 

7.
Question 7
What production techniques are used on oil wells?

2 points

pigging

gas lift

pumping

internal combustion

free/open flow

========================================================

 

8.
Question 8
What artificial lift technique is applicable for viscous oils?

2 points

no answer is correct

open flow

gas lift

cavity pump

========================================================

 

9.
Question 9
What is petroleum reservoir?

2 points

a package of sedimentary rocks formed during a lengthy downfolding of the a certain area in alternating climate

a package of hydraulically connected rock formations within a petroleum bearing area, topped off by cap rock

a package of impermeable rocks

rock where, due to its properties, hydrocarbon liquids and gases can be contained and move freely

========================================================

 

10.
Question 10
Which rocks can make a reservoir?

2 points

clastic rocks, cavernous and fractured carbonates, weathered volcanic rocks

massive carbonates, magma rocks

salts, shales, argillites

silica rocks, carbonatized sandstones

========================================================

 

11.
Question 11
What is gas formation volume factor?

2 points

gas density in standard conditions divided by gas density in reservoir conditions

gas volume in standard conditions divided by gas volume in reservoir conditions

gas mass in reservoir conditions divided by gas mass in standard conditions

gas volume in reservoir conditions divided by gas volume in standard conditions

========================================================

 

12.
Question 12
What is the function of production tubing?

2 points

lifting oil and gas up the well and conducting various well operations

wellhead sealing

keeping temperature of the fluid at required level

gas production control

sealing the wall from formation

========================================================

 

13.
Question 13
Which piece of well equipment is used for annulus isolation?

2 points

subsurface safety well

nipple

packer

circulation valve

========================================================

 

14.
Question 14
What is the major cause of well equipment corrosion?

2 points

high velocity of reservoir fluid as it flows up the well

chemical or electrochemical impact of aggressive reservoir fluid components

combination of forced reservoir fluid production and polymer flooding

solids in the reservoir fluid

========================================================

 

15.
Question 15
What type of wells is used for reservoir pressure support?

2 points

production wells

exploration wells

injection wells

special wells

========================================================

 

16.
Question 16
What is meant by well design?

2 points

information about casing strings strength and geometry

information about casing strings quantity and size, wellbore diameter for each string, cemented intervals and intervals where the wellbore should be connected with the productive formations

information about geological conditions of the area surrounding the wellbore

information about well depth and height of cement in the annular space

========================================================

 

17.
Question 17
Which piece of drilling equipment is used to move the hoisting block during pull-up and pull-down operations?

2 points

drilling string

drilling key

drawworks

drilling pump

========================================================

 

18.
Question 18
What is the purpose of cementing?

2 points

to isolate pay formations from one another, to prevent fluid crossflow in the annular space, to protect the casing string against corrosion, and to strenghten the casing string

to isolate pay formations from one another, to prevent fluid crossflow in the annular space, to provide better centering of the casing string

to protect the casing string against corrosion, to strenghten the casing string, and to obtain better quality sonic logs

to isolate pay formations from one another, so that water bearing horizons do not get contaminated with oil

========================================================

 

19.
Question 19
How do we initiate fluid inflow into the wellbore?

2 points

we optimize operating regime of downhole pumps

we create artificial fractures in the formation, ensuring additional oil production

we drop the bottomhole pressure below the reservoir pressure, forcing the fluid out of the formation

we treat the near-wellbore area with acid, ensuring additional oil production

========================================================

 

20.
Question 20
What is well completion?

2 points

a set of operations aimed at initiating inflow and ascertaining well productivity adequate to the local reservoir conditions

shooting shaped charges through the casign walls to connect the wellbore to the reservoir

a set of operations aimed at preparing the well for pump installation and installing the downhole pump

a set of operations related to hydraulic fracturing of the formation

 

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