Irwin Company obtained a five-year, €100,000 bank loan at the end of year x0. The principal had to be repaid in equal installments every December 31st starting in x1. The yearly interest rate is 4% and is also paid every December 31st. Please answer the following two questions:

Bank loan and interest cost (questions 11 – 12):

Irwin Company obtained a five-year, €100,000 bank loan at the end of year x0. The principal had to be repaid in equal installments every December 31st starting in x1. The yearly interest rate is 4% and is also paid every December 31st. Please answer the following two questions:

What is the impact of this transaction on the profit and loss account of the year x1?