Module 4 Quiz >>> What is nudge in behavioral economics >>> Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Ethics
8.
Question 8
What is “nudge” in behavioral economics?
1 / 1 point
Nudge is a strike with the point of the elbow, the part of the forearm nearest to the elbow, or the part of the upper arm nearest to the elbow.
9.
Question 9
What is the confirmation bias?
1 / 1 point
The tendency to favor information in a way that supports one’s prior beliefs or values.
The bias that confirms that election outcomes nowadays are typically fake news.
The active formation of beliefs based on what might be pleasing to imagine.
11.
Question 11
It is well known that academia does not pay as well as industry research. Therefore, universities often promote the fact that academic researchers get to evaluate new ventures in test studies, and can then invest in them before they are on the market.
1 / 1 point
The US government promotes this kind of double role, since it promotes applied science, which drives the industry.
This would pose an unethical conflict of interest, since the interest in an objective study could be biased due to financial interest.
Most existing start-up ventures grew out of such successful collaboration between personal drive for innovation, and good science.
It is a common hiring argument in academia that the parallel role as researchers and investors can make individuals very wealthy.
7.
Question 7
For ads-driven social media platforms, those who buy ads are the customers. What is the “product” being sold?
1 / 1 point
The behavioral change of the user
The content featured on the platform
As they say: “If you don’t pay for the product, you are the product”. See segment Tech & Ethics: Attention Economy
10.
Question 10
What is fiduciary duty?
1 / 1 point
The duty to reveal when an obnoxious person (‘douche’) only exists in fiction (fi).
An obligation to act in the best interest of another party.
A suggestion to consider the interest of another party.
6.
Question 6
What does an Institutional Review Board do (IRB)? A board that:
1 / 1 point
Approves (or rejects), monitors, and reviews research involving humans before it is conducted
Reviews ethical issues in institutions, including procurement practices and corruption
Conducts the trial and defines the punishment if a central government has been doing unethical studies, such as the syphilis study
11.
Question 11
A company decides to create a campaign on an adult social media site to promote the use of condoms. It creates two versions, one tailored to elderly with homosexual orientations, and another general one. They randomly show each version to 10,000 users. Is this unethical?
1 / 1 point
Yes, this will reveal both age and sexual orientation, which are both legally protected against discrimination.
No, this is the kind of usual A/B testing that happens millions of times every day at all social media sites.