Achieving smooth category boundaries is a major difficulty to take into account while designing semantic segmentation models. Which of the following statements describe the origins of this problem

In your semantic segmentation model an input feature map is passed through a nearest neighbor up-sampling layer. The output feature map’s depth is equal to that of the input feature map.

A standard semantic segmentation architecture that uses a softmax output layer is allowed to associate multiple categories to a single pixel in the input image.

Which of the bellow loss functions is usually used to train semantic segmentation models?